CO₂ Battery: Closed Thermo-Mechanical Energy Storage Explained
Learn how the CO₂ Battery stores and generates electricity using closed thermo-mechanical cycles with carbon dioxide—offering long-duration energy storage with zero emissions.
📅
✍️ Gianluca
⚡ The CO₂ Battery — Long-Duration Energy Storage Explained
The CO₂ Battery is a breakthrough closed thermo-mechanical energy storage system developed by Energy Dome. It stores electricity by cycling carbon dioxide between high-pressure liquid and gaseous phases, then converts expansion into electricity — without emissions, cryogenic temperatures, or rare materials.
🔄 How It Works (Charge & Discharge)
- Charging: CO₂ is compressed into liquid form and stored in a dome-style gasholder at ambient temperature.
- Discharging: Liquid CO₂ evaporates and expands, driving a turbine to generate electricity, before returning to the dome.
⏳ Storage Characteristics
Designed for long-duration energy storage, the CO₂ Battery performs best between 8–24 hours. This makes it ideal for renewable integration, peak shaving, and stabilizing electric grids.
🌱 Carbon-Neutral & Cost-Efficient
During operation, no CO₂ is released into the atmosphere. Unlike compressed air storage or lithium-ion batteries, it works at ambient temperature, avoiding cryogenic cooling and rare, costly materials. The system uses only water, steel, and CO₂, all readily available from Tier 1 global suppliers.
🏆 CO₂ vs. Lithium-Ion Batteries
| Feature | CO₂ Battery | Lithium-Ion |
|---|---|---|
| Round-Trip Efficiency | ~75% (no degradation) | ~85% (degrades over time) |
| Lifetime | 30+ years | <12 years |
| CAPEX | 1× (baseline) | 1.7× higher |
| Depth of Discharge | 100% | <80% |
| Components | Standard & globally available | Depends on critical minerals |
| Installation Time | <2 years | <2 years |
🔧 Scalable & Grid-Compatible
Built from standard industrial components, the CO₂ Battery is modular, scalable, and deployable worldwide. It supports grid services such as:
- ⏱ Time-shifting renewable energy
- ⚡ Frequency containment & restoration reserves (FCR, aFRR, mFRR)
- 🔌 Voltage regulation within milliseconds
🌐 Learn More
Discover how the CO₂ Battery from Energy Dome is pioneering the future of long-duration energy storage and accelerating the energy transition.