The CO₂ Battery is a breakthrough closed thermo-mechanical energy storage system developed by Energy Dome. It stores electricity by cycling carbon dioxide between high-pressure liquid and gaseous phases, then converts expansion into electricity—without emissions, cryogenics, or rare materials.
🔄 how it works (charge & discharge)
- Charging: CO₂ is compressed into liquid form and stored in a dome-style gasholder at ambient temperature.
- Discharging: Liquid CO₂ evaporates and expands, driving a turbine to generate electricity, then returns to the dome.
⏳ storage characteristics
Designed for long-duration energy storage, the CO₂ Battery performs best between 8–24 hours, ideal for renewable integration, peak shaving, and grid stabilization.
🌱 carbon-neutral & cost-efficient
During operation, no CO₂ is released into the atmosphere. Unlike compressed air storage or lithium-ion batteries, it works at ambient temperature, avoiding cryogenic cooling and critical minerals. It uses only water, steel, and CO₂—readily available from Tier-1 suppliers.
🏆 CO₂ vs. lithium-ion batteries
| Feature | CO₂ Battery | Lithium-Ion |
|---|---|---|
| Round-trip efficiency | ~75% (no degradation) | ~85% (degrades over time) |
| Lifetime | 30+ years | <12 years |
| CAPEX | 1× (baseline) | ~1.7× higher |
| Depth of discharge | 100% | <80% |
| Components | Standard, globally available | Depends on critical minerals |
| Installation time | < 2 years | < 2 years |
🔧 scalable & grid-compatible
Built from standard industrial components, the CO₂ Battery is modular, scalable, and deployable worldwide. It supports grid services such as:
- ⏱ Time-shifting renewable energy
- ⚡ Frequency containment & restoration reserves (FCR, aFRR, mFRR)
- 🔌 Millisecond-level voltage regulation
learn more
Discover how the CO₂ Battery from Energy Dome is pioneering the future of long-duration energy storage and accelerating the energy transition.